3rd Edition of Diabetes and Endocrinology World Conference 2027

Abstract

Background: Brown tumors are rare, non-neoplastic bone lesions that emerge as a complication of chronic hyperparathyroidism. They are characterized by rapid osteoclastic activity and subsequent bone resorption, often replaced with fibrous tissue, hemorrhage, and hemosiderin deposits. Although benign, these lesions can be aggressive and lead to significant morbidity.

Case Presentation: In the context of a resource-limited developing country, we present the case of a 24-year-old male patient with end-stage kidney disease, who was admitted with facial disfigurement identified as an enlarging maxillary mass. Clinical examination and imaging studies revealed a brown tumor associated with tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical intervention was performed to excise the parathyroid glands. The patient's postoperative course initially presented with "hungry bone syndrome" for which calcium supplementation was given. Patient was eventually discharged stable. Upon succeeding follow-ups there was notable decrease in size of the maxillary mass and improvement in swallowing.

Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in managing brown tumors, especially in patients with underlying conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Timely surgical and medical treatment can mitigate the debilitating effects of these lesions, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.